《設施(shi)栽(zai)培甜瓜水肥一體化(hua)技術(shu)規(gui)程》根據陜西省市(shi)場(chang)監(jian)督管(guan)理局2019年第二批地方標(biao)準制(zhi)訂(ding)計劃項目《設施(shi)栽(zai)培甜瓜水肥一體化(hua)技術(shu)規(gui)程》（立項編號(hao)：SDBXM-135-2019），由(you)渭(wei)南市(shi)農業(ye)科學研究(jiu)所(suo)、蒲城縣農業(ye)技術(shu)推(tui)廣中心、楊凌東方千圃(pu)莊園農業(ye)專業(ye)合作(zuo)社協同制(zhi)訂(ding)。

 西(xi)(xi)北農林科(ke)技(ji)大學資(zi)源環境學院設施(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)土-肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)-水管理教(jiao)學科(ke)研團隊長期從事(shi)設施(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)蔬菜土壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及水肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一體化方面的(de)研究，2016-2018年結(jie)合(he)課(ke)(ke)程實習及國家重點研發(fa)計劃項目“西(xi)(xi)甜瓜化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)農藥減施(shi)增效(xiao)基礎(chu)及關鍵(jian)技(ji)術(shu)研發(fa)”課(ke)(ke)題在陜西(xi)(xi)甜瓜主產(chan)(chan)區閻良(liang)區、蒲城縣(xian)、富(fu)平縣(xian)等地調(diao)查了陜西(xi)(xi)省(sheng)設施(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)甜瓜施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、灌(guan)(guan)水現(xian)狀，調(diao)研結(jie)果(guo)發(fa)現(xian)，設施(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)甜瓜生產(chan)(chan)中過(guo)量施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、灌(guan)(guan)溉問題突出（發(fa)表論(lun)文：郭亞雯等，2020，植物營(ying)養與肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料學報），主要(yao)表現(xian)有水肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一體化條(tiao)件下(xia)灌(guan)(guan)水頻率和(he)灌(guan)(guan)水量與漫灌(guan)(guan)、溝灌(guan)(guan)相近(jin)甚至高(gao)于傳(chuan)統量，節水灌(guan)(guan)溉設備效(xiao)應低。基施(shi)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)養分比例過(guo)高(gao)，水肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一體化追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)占比少(shao)，未發(fa)揮水肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一體化應有作用(yong)，也不(bu)符合(he)西(xi)(xi)甜瓜各(ge)生育期對養分需求的(de)規律(lv)。肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料選(xuan)(xuan)擇不(bu)科(ke)學，農戶(hu)對肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料選(xuan)(xuan)擇主要(yao)依賴商家宣傳(chuan)，養分投(tou)入不(bu)平衡(heng)。

       基(ji)于以上(shang)問題(ti)，西(xi)北農(nong)林科技(ji)大學(xue)與渭(wei)南市農(nong)業(ye)(ye)科學(xue)研究所、蒲城縣農(nong)業(ye)(ye)技(ji)術推廣中(zhong)心，楊凌(ling)東方千(qian)圃莊(zhuang)園(yuan)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)專業(ye)(ye)合(he)作社(she)向陜西(xi)省(sheng)技(ji)術監(jian)督局提出了(le)申請制(zhi)定(ding)《設(she)施(shi)(shi)栽培甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)化技(ji)術規(gui)程》，2019年獲得(de)立項(xiang)。該(gai)地(di)(di)方標準(zhun)是在(zai)系統研究甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜不同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)階(jie)段養(yang)分、水(shui)(shui)(shui)分需求特征、土壤適宜含水(shui)(shui)(shui)量的基(ji)礎上(shang)，充分發(fa)揮(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)化施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)灌(guan)溉(gai)系統優勢，制(zhi)定(ding)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜不同(tong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)養(yang)分施(shi)(shi)用(yong)比例、數(shu)(shu)量、灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)定(ding)額、灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)周期(qi)，以及陜西(xi)設(she)施(shi)(shi)甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜目(mu)標產(chan)品水(shui)(shui)(shui)平下施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)、灌(guan)溉(gai)定(ding)額等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)一(yi)體(ti)化精(jing)準(zhun)管(guan)理技(ji)術。該(gai)技(ji)術在(zai)多地(di)(di)區推廣應用(yong)，實現甜(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)瓜化肥(fei)(fei)氮、磷和鉀施(shi)(shi)用(yong)總量較常(chang)規(gui)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)減少(shao)65%、84%和68%，利用(yong)含有(you)紫外線殺菌設(she)施(shi)(shi)對(dui)回水(shui)(shui)(shui)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)行處理，有(you)效抑(yi)制(zhi)植(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)中(zhong)細菌霉菌的滋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，植(zhi)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長更茂(mao)盛。與同(tong)類標準(zhun)相(xiang)比，更符(fu)合(he)陜西(xi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)實際情況，技(ji)術內容齊全，指(zhi)標參數(shu)(shu)明確，便于操(cao)作實施(shi)(shi)。